Laravel conventions

Route Names Controller Names Model Names Resource Names Database Table Names API Versioning HTTP Response Codes Pagination Authentication API Tokens OAuth2 Error Handling

In Laravel 8, there are some conventions that are widely accepted for naming APIs. Following these conventions can make your code more maintainable and easier to understand for other developers. Here are some of the best naming conventions for APIs in Laravel 8:

Route Names

For route names, it is recommended to use a verb followed by a noun. This approach is simple, yet effective, because it accurately describes what each route does. It also makes it easy to generate URLs for each route. For example, GET /users would have a route name of users.index. Here are some examples:

GET /users => users.index

GET /users/create => users.create it is used to show a form that allows to create a new user.

POST /users => users.store

GET /users/{id} => users.show it is used to show a specific user

GET /users/{id}/edit => users.edit it is used to show a form that allows to edit a user.

PUT/PATCH /users/{id} => users.update

DELETE /users/{id} => users.destroy

It is also a good practice to group related routes using route prefixes. This technique can help you organize your routes and make them easier to read. For example, you might group all of your user-related routes under a /users prefix:


Route::prefix('users')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/', 'UsersController@index')->name('users.index');
    Route::get('/create', 'UsersController@create')->name('users.create');
    Route::post('/', 'UsersController@store')->name('users.store');
    Route::get('/{id}', 'UsersController@show')->name('users.show');
    Route::get('/{id}/edit', 'UsersController@edit')->name('users.edit');
    Route::put('/{id}', 'UsersController@update')->name('users.update');
    Route::delete('/{id}', 'UsersController@destroy')->name('users.destroy');
});

Controller Names

For controller names, it is recommended to use a plural noun followed by the Controller suffix. This approach is consistent with the idea of using plural nouns for resources, and it accurately describes what each controller does. For example, a controller for managing users would be named UsersController. Here are some examples:

UsersController

PostsController

CommentsController

TagsController

CategoriesController

Model Names

For model names, it is recommended to use a singular noun. This approach accurately reflects the fact that each model represents a single entity in your application. It also makes it easy to generate model instances. For example, a model for managing users would be named User. Here are some examples:

User

Post

Comment

Tag

Category

Resource Names

For resource names, it is recommended to use a plural noun. This approach makes it easy to understand that each resource represents a collection of entities, rather than a single entity. It also makes it easy to generate URLs for each resource. For example, a resource for managing users would be named Users. Here are some examples:

Users

Posts

Comments

Tags

Categories

Database Table Names

For database table names, it is recommended to use a plural noun. This approach is consistent with the idea of using plural nouns for resources. It also makes it easy to understand that each table represents a collection of entities, rather than a single entity. For example, a table for managing users would be named users. Here are some examples:

users

posts

comments

tags

categories

API Versioning

Versioning your API is important to ensure that changes do not break existing clients. There are various ways to version your API, but one popular method is to use version numbers in your URLs. For example, /v1/users would be the URL for version 1 of the users API. Here are some examples:

/v1/users

/v2/users

/v1/posts

/v2/posts

Another approach to API versioning is to use custom HTTP headers. This approach can be useful when you do not want to modify your URLs. For example, you might use a custom X-Api-Version header to specify the API version:


GET /users HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
X-Api-Version: 1

HTTP Response Codes

HTTP response codes are an important part of any API. They provide information about the result of the request and help clients understand what happened. Here are some common HTTP response codes and what they mean:

200 OK - The request succeeded.

201 Created - The request succeeded and a new resource was created.

204 No Content - The request succeeded, but there is no response body to return.

400 Bad Request - The request was malformed or invalid.

401 Unauthorized - The request requires authentication.

403 Forbidden - The authenticated user does not have access to the requested resource.

404 Not Found - The requested resource does not exist.

422 Unprocessable Entity - The request was well-formed, but was unable to be followed due to semantic errors.

500 Internal Server Error - A generic error occurred on the server.

Pagination

If you are returning a large number of resources, it is important to paginate your results. Pagination allows clients to retrieve resources in smaller, more manageable chunks. Laravel provides built-in support for pagination, making it easy to implement in your APIs. Here are some examples of how to paginate your results:

GET /users?page=1&per_page=10

GET /posts?page=2&per_page=5

Authentication

Authentication is an important part of any API. It allows you to restrict access to certain resources and ensure that only authorized clients can access your API. Laravel provides built-in support for various authentication mechanisms, such as API tokens and OAuth2. Here are some examples of how to use these mechanisms:

API Tokens

API tokens are a simple way to authenticate clients. Each client is issued a unique token that they use to authenticate their requests. Laravel provides built-in support for API tokens, making it easy to implement in your APIs. Here are some examples of how to use API tokens:


// Generate a new token for the user
$token = $user->createToken('token-name')->plainTextToken;

// Authenticate a request using the token
$response = $client->get('/api/user', [
    'headers' => [
        'Authorization' => 'Bearer ' . $token,
        'Accept' => 'application/json',
    ],
]);

OAuth2

OAuth2 is a more complex mechanism for authenticating clients. It involves a series of redirects and exchanges of tokens between the client and the server. Laravel provides built-in support for OAuth2, making it easy to implement in your APIs. Here are some examples of how to use OAuth2:


// Generate an authorization URL for the client
$url = $provider->getAuthorizationUrl();

// Redirect the client to the authorization URL
return redirect($url);

// Handle the callback from the provider
$token = $provider->getAccessToken('authorization_code', [
    'code' => $request->code,
]);

// Authenticate a request using the access token
$response = $client->get('/api/user', [
    'headers' => [
        'Authorization' => 'Bearer ' . $token->getToken(),
        'Accept' => 'application/json',
    ],
]);

Error Handling

Error handling is an important part of any API. It allows you to provide meaningful error messages to clients when something goes wrong. Laravel provides built-in support for error handling, making it easy to implement in your APIs. Here are some examples of how to handle errors in your APIs:


// Throw an exception when a resource is not found
if (!$user) {
    throw new NotFoundHttpException('User not found.');
}

// Return a JSON response when a validation error occurs
if ($validator->fails()) {
    return response()->json([
        'message' => 'The given data was invalid.',
        'errors' => $validator->errors(),
    ], 422);
}

// Return a JSON response when an unexpected error occurs
if ($exception instanceof Exception) {
    return response()->json([
        'message' => 'An unexpected error occurred.',
    ], 500);
}